Long-term Complications

There are long-term complications arising due to microangiopathy and increased vascular permeability secondary to hyperglycaemia
- It is unclear why hyperglycaemia causes these

There are 5 key pathologies to know about:
- Macrovascular
  - Ischaemic heart disease
  - Stroke
  - Peripheral arterial disease
- Microvascular – these are specific to diabetes and affect small vessels in:
  - Retinopathy
  - Nephropathy
  - Neuropathy
- Mixed – Diabetic foot